The loss of Dutch lives (in numbers)

Different categories of victims can be distinguished. The number of victims in some groups is known fairly precisely, while only rough estimates can be given for others. More information on this subject can be found in the publication De doden tellen; Slachtofferaantallen van de Tweede Wereldoorlog en sindsdien (‘Counting the Dead; Fatalities from the Second World War and beyond’) by the National Committee 4 and 5 May (revised edition, Amsterdam 2016).

• Victims of the persecution of the Jews: about 102,000-104,000
  Sources: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol.8, pp. 70 and 887; Israel Gutman, Sara Bender, Jozeph Michman, and Bert Jan Flim (eds.), Rechtvaardigen onder de Volkeren; Nederlanders met een Yad Vashem-onderscheiding voor hulp aan joden (‘Righteous Among the Nations; Dutch nationals with a Yad Vashem award for helping Jews’), Amsterdam/Antwerp 2005), p. 30; De doden tellen (‘Counting the Dead’), pp. 63-66; Kamp Westerbork Memorial Centre, De 102.000 namen; The 102.000 names; Ha-shemot 102.000 (Amsterdam 2018). The number of 102,000 victims refers to "those who were forcibly removed from their homes and taken to a camp or prison, and who were murdered or died there or at another location"; it does not include suicides in the home, deaths in hiding, or Dutch nationals who had been officially living in Belgium or France for decades and were deported through those countries (De 102,000 namen, p. 2097). If these groups are included, the number of victims may exceed 104,000.
• Roma and Sinti killed: 215
  Source: B.A. Sijes, Vervolging van zigeuners in Nederland 1940-1945 (‘Persecution of Gypsies in the Netherlands 1940-1945’ , The Hague, 1979), p. 134; De doden tellen, p. 69.
• Deaths due to public health decline: about 50,000
  Source: NIOD, List ‘The loss of Dutch lives', August 1986.
• Civilian casualties of war: about 30,000
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 10b, p. 1448, and vol. 12, p. 65.
• Victims of the Hunger Winter 1944-1945: about 15,000-25,000
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 10b, p. 219; G.M.T. Trienekens, Tussen ons volk en de honger; De Voedselvoorziening 1940-1945 (‘Between Our People and the Hunger; Food supply 1940-1945’, Utrecht 1985), p. 406.
• Died during forced labour in Germany: about 8,500
  Source: B.A. Sijes, De arbeidsinzet; De gedwongen arbeid van Nederlanders in Duitsland 1940-1945 (‘The Arbeitseinsatz; The forced labour carried out by Dutch nationals in Germany 1940-1945’, The Hague 1990 [1966]), p. 605.
• Volunteers killed in German service: about 4,000-6,000
  Source: N.K.C.A. in 't Veld, De SS en Nederland (‘The SS and the Netherlands’, Amsterdam 1976), p. 406.
• Perished in prisons and concentration camps in Germany: about 4,400
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 8, p. 393. This number refers only to prisoners and so-called Schutzhäftlinge; Holocaust victims are not included.
• Royal Dutch Navy: about 2,900 killed in action
  Source: NIOD, List ‘The loss of Dutch lives', August 1986.
• Royal Dutch Army: about 2,300 killed in action
  Source: NIOD, List ‘The loss of Dutch lives', August 1986.
• Executions in the Netherlands (almost all resistance fighters): about 2,000-3,000
  Sources: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 8, p. 886; Peter H. Heere and Arnold Th. Vernooij, De Eerebegraafplaats te Bloemendaal (‘The Honorary Cemetery of Bloemendaal’, The Hague 2005), p. 19, note 14. 
• Merchant navy personnel: about 1,600-2,100 killed in action
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 9, p. 762. A large part of the crew members of the Dutch merchant fleet were not Dutch. According to De Jong’s estimate, about 2,100 crew members from the Netherlands died during the war; more than 1,600 of them fell victim to ‘acts of war’. The others may have died from old age, illness, or shipping accidents. De Jong estimates the total number of deaths among those on board the merchant fleet (including the non-Dutch nationals) at 3,600. According to the book De Nederlandse koopvaardij in oorlogstijd (‘The Dutch Merchant Navy in Wartime’, Amsterdam 2014), edited by Anita van Dissel, Martin Elands, Hylke Faber, and Pieter Stolk, some 3,400 crew members of the Dutch merchant navy lost their lives "in the performance of their duty" (p. 48).
• Died in concentration camps in the Netherlands: about 570
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 8, p. 695.
• Died in German captivity: about 300-400
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 8, p. 125.
• Interned civilians killed in Indonesia: about 13,000-16,800
  Sources: D. van Velden, De Japanse interneringskampen (‘The Japanese internment camps’, Groningen 1963), p. 368, note 1; L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 11b (The Hague 1982), pp. 753-754. H.L. Zwitzer sets the number at 13,000 deaths, but he believes that this number should be corrected for the pre-war mortality rate. In that case, the excess mortality would be 10,580. H.L. Zwitzer, Mannen van 10 jaar en ouder (‘Men Aged 10 and Over’, Franeker 1995), p. 83.
• Died in Japanese captivity: about 8,200
  Source: L. de Jong, Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog (‘The Kingdom of the Netherlands During the Second World War’), vol. 11b, p. 575.